[solution]: en/medium-maptypes.md

en/medium-maptypes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+---
+id: 5821
+title: MapTypes
+lang: en
+level: medium
+tags: map object utils
+---
+
+## Challenge
+
+Implement `MapTypes<T, R>` which will transform types in object `T` to different
+types defined by type `R` which has the following structure:
+
+```typescript
+type StringToNumber = {
+  mapFrom: string; // value of key which value is string
+  mapTo: number; // will be transformed for number
+};
+```
+
+For instance:
+
+```typescript
+type StringToNumber = { mapFrom: string; mapTo: number };
+MapTypes<{ iWillBeANumberOneDay: string }, StringToNumber>; // gives { iWillBeANumberOneDay: number; }
+```
+
+Be aware that user can provide a union of types:
+
+```typescript
+type StringToNumber = { mapFrom: string; mapTo: number };
+type StringToDate = { mapFrom: string; mapTo: Date };
+MapTypes<{ iWillBeNumberOrDate: string }, StringToDate | StringToNumber>; // gives { iWillBeNumberOrDate: number | Date; }
+```
+
+If the type doesn't exist in our map, leave it as it was:
+
+```typescript
+type StringToNumber = { mapFrom: string; mapTo: number };
+MapTypes<
+  { iWillBeANumberOneDay: string; iWillStayTheSame: Function },
+  StringToNumber
+>; // // gives { iWillBeANumberOneDay: number, iWillStayTheSame: Function }
+```
+
+## Solution
+
+Object types in the challenge, meaning mapped types comes to the rescue! We need
+to enumerate the object and map the value types from one to another.
+
+Let's start with the blank type we need to implement:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R> = any;
+```
+
+Type parameter `T` has an object type we need to map, and `R` has the mapping.
+Let's define the mapping interface as a generic constraint over type parameter
+`R`:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R extends { mapFrom: unknown; mapTo: unknown }> = any;
+```
+
+Before actually do some mapping, let's start with the simple mapped type that
+copies the input type `T`:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R extends { mapFrom: unknown; mapTo: unknown }> = {
+  [P in keyof T]: T[P];
+};
+```
+
+Now, having the type that “copies” the object type, we can start adding some
+mapping there. First, let's check if the value type matches the type from
+`mapFrom`, according to challenge specification:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R extends { mapFrom: unknown; mapTo: unknown }> = {
+  [P in keyof T]: T[P] extends R["mapFrom"] ? never : never;
+};
+```
+
+In case, we have a match, it means we need to replace the value type with the
+type from `mapTo`:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R extends { mapFrom: unknown; mapTo: unknown }> = {
+  [P in keyof T]: T[P] extends R["mapFrom"] ? R["mapTo"] : never;
+};
+```
+
+Otherwise, if there is no match, according to spec we need to return the value
+type with no mapping:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R extends { mapFrom: unknown; mapTo: unknown }> = {
+  [P in keyof T]: T[P] extends R["mapFrom"] ? R["mapTo"] : T[P];
+};
+```
+
+At this point, we pass all the test-cases, but we miss the one that is related
+to union. It stated in the challenge spec that there is a possibility to specify
+mapping as a union of objects.
+
+So that, we need to enumerate over the mappings itself too. To do so, we can
+start by replacing `R['mapTo']` to conditional type. Conditional types in
+TypeScript are distributive, meaning they will enumerate over each item in
+union. However, it applies to the type that stands in the beginning of a
+conditional type. So we start with type parameter `R` and check for match with
+the value type:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R extends { mapFrom: unknown; mapTo: unknown }> = {
+  [P in keyof T]: T[P] extends R["mapFrom"]
+    ? R extends { mapFrom: T[P] }
+      ? never
+      : never
+    : T[P];
+};
+```
+
+Distributive conditional types will do the enumeration over `R` and if at some
+point there will be a match with value type `T[P]`, we return the mapping:
+
+```typescript
+type MapTypes<T, R extends { mapFrom: unknown; mapTo: unknown }> = {
+  [P in keyof T]: T[P] extends R["mapFrom"]
+    ? R extends { mapFrom: T[P] }
+      ? R["mapTo"]
+      : never
+    : T[P];
+};
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [Generics](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/generics.html)
+- [Generic Constraints](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/generics.html#generic-constraints)
+- [Mapped Types](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/mapped-types.html)
+- [Indexed Access Types](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/indexed-access-types.html)
+- [Conditional Types](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/conditional-types.html)