A comprehensive, factual resource hub for anyone interested in learning about and building on Solana
- An Introduction to Solana
- Solana Fundamentals
- Developer Resources
- Compression
- Solana Mobile
- Solana Pay
- Validators
- Opinion and Essays
- The Future of Solana
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Dummy's Guide to Solana's Architecture | Article | Anvit Mangal | Link | A general overview of Solana's architecture |
| ok so what the fuck is the deal with solana anyway | Article | hana | Link | An entertaining perspective on Solana fundamentals, suitable for technical readers |
| Programming on Solana - An Introduction | Article | Paul X | Link | An introduction to programming on Solana in native Rust |
| Solana the Monolith | Article | Ceteris | Link | A comprehensive deep dive on Solana by Delphi Digital |
| Solana: How it Works - An Executive Overview of the Solana Protocol | Report | Lostin | Link | A holistic overview of the core Solana protocol. |
| The Solana Programming Model: An Introduction to Developing on Solana | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | An introductory article on Solana's architecture, the account model, and transactions |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Innovations that Make Solana the First Web-Scale Blockchain | Article | Anatoly Yakovenko | Link | An overview of the eight technologies key to Solana's modus operandi |
| Consensus on Solana | Article | Ryan Chern | Link | An article contextualizing the role of Proof of History within slots in Tower BFT, Solana's consensus mechanism |
| Lifecycle of a Solana Transaction | Article | Umbra Research | Link | An overview of how the Solana runtime processes transactions and the differences between transaction execution on Solana and Ethereum |
| Local Fee Markets on Solana | Thread | 7Layer | Link | A Twitter thread explaining the structure of Solana's block space to elucidate what fee markets are, how they work, and why they're useful |
| Priority Fees: Understanding Solana's Transaction Fee Mechanics | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn about Solana's transaction fee mechanics, priority fees, and how to implement them programmatically |
| Solana Fees | Article | Umbra Research | Link | A look into how Solana fees work today |
| Solana Internals | Articles | Sec3 | Link | A 4-part series deep-diving into Solana's internals, suitable for technical readers |
| Solana Nodes - A Primer on Solana RPCs, Validators, and RPC Providers | Article | Mert Mumtaz | Link | Learn about Solana nodes, the different types, their importance, and the top RPC providers |
| Solana Proof of Stake + Proof of History Primer | Article | Shinobi Systems | Link | A deep dive into what Proof of History (PoH) is and how it works, suitable for technical readers |
| Solana’s Gulf Stream: Mo Mempool, Mo problems | Articles | Lostin | Link | An exploration of Gulf Stream, Solana's mempool-less transaction forwarding protocol |
| Stake-Weighted Quality of Service: Everything You Need to Know | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn about SWQoS, how Solana processes transactions, and the growing importance of validators and stake |
| The Solana Whitepaper | Whitepaper | Anatoly Yakovenko | Link | Solana's biblical text |
| The Truth about Solana Local Fee Markets | Article | Lostin | Link | This article provides an accessible analysis of the current state of Solana's local fee markets and what needs to improve. |
| Turbine: Block Propagation on Solana | Article | Ryan Chern | Link | Learn about block propagation on Solana, how it compares to Ethereum, and future research pathways for block propagation and data availability |
| Understanding Slots, Blocks, and Epochs on Solana | Article | Mert Mumtaz | Link | A deep dive on how Solana slots, blocks, and epochs work together |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 Days of Solana | Tutorial | Rareskills | Link | A 60-day Solana course designed for engineers with a beginner or intermediate background in Ethereum or EVM development |
| Create a Solana dApp From Scratch | Tutorial | Loris Leiva | Link | A series on building a simplified version of Twitter as a Solana dApp |
| Rust + Solana Advance Development Course | Tutorial | ICB | Link | A free advanced Solana development course |
| Solana Bootcamp | Video | Solana Foundation | Link | A video pirate-theme bootcamp for getting up to speed on Solana programming |
| Solana Bytes | Video | Solana Foundation | Link | A series of short videos explaining core development and Solana concepts |
| Solana Courses | Tutorial | freeCodeCamp | Link | Guided interactive projects designed to serve as an introduction to Solana development |
| Solana Tutorials | Videos | Solana Foundation | Link | Comprehensive videos on Solana and Anchor |
| SolDev's Solana Development Course | Tutorial | Various | Link | A complete course for learning Solana development |
| The Solana Cookbook | Documentation | Various | Link | A developer resource that provides essential concepts and references for building on Solana |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| An Introduction to Anchor: A Beginner's Guide to Building Solana Programs | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn everything you need to know to get started building on Solana with Anchor |
| Anchor | Documentation | Coral | Link | The official documentation for Anchor, a framework for Solana's Sealevel runtime |
| Full-stack Solana Development with React and Anchor | Article | Solana Foundation | Link | A step-by-step walkthrough of building, testing, and deploying an Anchor program and React frontend |
| Getting Started with the Anchor Framework | Article | Solana Foundation | Link | An introduction to Anchor covering a simple program, IDLs, and the TypeScript client |
| Intro to Anchor / Solana Development | Video | Harry Papacharissiou, Chainlink | Link | An introduction to Solana and Anchor development, suitable for beginners |
| Poseidon | Framework | Turbin3 | Link | A Transpiler to convert your Solana programs from Typescript to Anchor |
| Solana Smart Contract Tutorial: Using the Anchor Framework | Video | Josh's DevBox | Link | An introduction to Anchor, part of the "Solana Development Tutorial" series |
| The Anchor Book | Documentation | Coral | Link | An introductory book to get started with Anchor |
| Title | Type | Author | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinocchio | Framework | Anza | Link | Create Solana programs with no dependencies attached |
| Steel | Framework | Regolith Labs | Link | Solana smart contract framework |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Guide to Testing Solana Programs | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn how to test Solana programs, from theory to practical examples |
| Bankrun | Framework | Kevin Heavey | Link | A lightweight, flexible testing framework written in Node.js for Solana programs |
| LiteSVM | Framework | LiteSVM Team | Link | A fast, lightweight testing library that creates an in-process Solana VM optimized for program developers |
| Mollusk | Framework | Joe Caulfield | Link | A small and fast SVM program test harness |
| solana-program-test | Framework | Anza | Link | A Rust-based testing framework centered around the BanksClient |
| solana-test-framework | Framework | Halborn | Link | An extension of solana-program-test developed by Halborn |
| Testing With Anchor | Video | Harry Papacharissiou, Chainlink | Link | A livestream given for the Chainlink Spring 2022 Hackathon on testing Anchor programs |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Hitchhiker's Guide to Solana Program Security | Article | 0xIchigo, bl0ckpain | Link | Learn about Solana program security and how to mitigate common vulnerabilities |
| Sealevel Attacks | GitHub Repo | Coral | Link | Examples of common exploits unique to Solana's programming model and recommended idioms for avoiding them via Anchor |
| Solana Auditing and Security Resources | GitHub Repo | 0xsanny | Link | A collection of resources to study Solana smart contract security, auditing, and exploits |
| Solana: An Auditor's Introduction | Article | OtterSec | Link | A security-focused introduction to Solana, exploring the underlying runtime environment, security boundaries, and implications |
| Solana Smart Contracts: Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them | Article | Neodyme | Link | A short introduction to common Solana security pitfalls and their mitigation |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| helius | Crate | Helius | Link | An asynchronous Helius Rust SDK for building the future of Solana |
| helius-sdk | SDK | Helius | Link | A Helius Node.js SDK for building the future of Solana |
| solana-program | Crate | Anza | Link | The base library for all Solana on-chain Rust programs |
| solana-sdk | Crate | Anza | Link | The official Solana SDK to write client-side applications in Rust |
| @solana/web3.js | SDK | Anza | Link | A JavaScript client for Solana, built on top of the Solana JSON RPC API |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bubblegum | Program | Metaplex | Link | Create and manage Metaplex compressed NFTs |
| Builderz dApp Scaffold | Tool | Builderz Labs | Link | An open-source Next.js Solana dApp scaffold |
| Builderz xNFT Scaffold | Tool | Builderz Labs | Link | An open-source Next.js Solana xNFT Backpack scaffold |
| cNFT Spam Filter | Tool | Solarnius | Link | An open-source, lightweight, and portable spam classifier for cNFTs |
| create-solana-dapp | Tool | Solana Foundation | Link | CLI for creating Solana dApps on the fly |
| Dreamcast | Framework | Joey Meere | Link | Fetch and interact with Anchor programs in minutes |
| Gill | Framework | Solana Foundation | Link | JavaScript/TypeScript client library for interacting with the Solana blockchain |
| Kite | Framework | Helius | Link | Modern TypeScript framework for @solana/web3.js 2.0 |
| Kinobi | Framework | Metaplex | Link | Generate powerful clients for your Solana programs |
| Lighthouse | Framework | Jac0xb | Link | The Solana assertion protocol |
| Metaboss | Tool | Metafrost | Link | The Metaplex NFT-standard Swiss Army Knife tool |
| PubKey Link | Tool | Beeman | Link | Free and open-source Discord verification on Solana |
| PubKey Stack | Tool | Beeman | Link | A starter to generate apps using the PubKey stack |
| Shank | Framework | Metaplex | Link | Extracts IDLs from Solana Rust contracts |
| Skeet | Framework | Skeet Dev | Link | An open-source TypeScript serverless framework |
| Solita | Framework | Metaplex | Link | Solana IDL to API generator |
| sol4k | Framework | Sasha Shpota | Link | A Kotlin client for Solana that can be used with Java or any other JVM language, as well as on Android |
| Squads CLI | Tool | Squads | Link | Interact with the Squads Multisig Program through a simple CLI |
| Turnkey Rust Client | Framework | Eliascm17 | Link | A Rust interface for interacting with the Turnkey API, allowing for the secure storage and signing of transactions via secure enclaves |
| Umi | Framework | Metaplex | Link | A Solana framework for JavaScript clients |
| Wallet Adapter | Framework | Anza | Link | Modular TypeScript wallet adapters and components for Solana applications |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOL CLI Explorer | Explorer | cavemanloverboy | Link | A command line explorer for the Solana blockchain |
| Solana Explorer | Explorer | Solana Labs | Link | The official explorer for Solana clusters |
| SolanaFM | Explorer | SolanaFM Team | Link | A friendly Solana explorer |
| Solscan | Explorer | Solscan Team | Link | The user-friendly and real-time scanning tool for the Solana Ecosystem |
| XRAY (Old) | Explorer | Helius | Link | A human-readable Solana transaction explorer powered by Helius |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foundation Kit | Framework | Star Atlas | Link | An Unreal Engine Plugin created for Unreal Engine 4 and 5 allowing Unreal Game Clients to connect and interact with Solana |
| GameShift | Framework | Solana Labs | Link | A platform for game developers to integrate Web3 elements easily through a single API |
| Godot SDK | Framework | ZenRepublic, Virus-Axel | Link | A GDExtension enabling Godot to make on-chain and Solana-integrated games |
| Honeycomb Protocol | Framework | Honeycomb Protocol Team | Link | A comprehensive suite of Web3 tools designed for game developers |
| MagicBlock | Game Engine | MagicBlock Team | Link | A versatile engine for on-chain SVM games |
| Solana Unreal SDK | Framework | Bifrost Technologies | Link | A complete Unreal plugin and toolkit for building blockchain games on Solana with Unreal Engine 5 |
| Solana Unity SDK | Framework | MagicBlock Team | Link | A comprehensive set of open-source tools to easily access Solana in Unity-based games |
| Thugz BC Plugin Packaged | Framework | ThugzLabs | Link | The packaged plugin of the Thugz Labs BC Plugin for Unreal Engine |
| Turbo | Game Engine | Jozanza | Link | Built specifically for making low-res, sprite-based 2D games as fast as possible |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All You Need to Know About State Compression on Solana | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn about state compression, compressed NFTs (cNFTs), as well as how to fetch, mint, or transfer them |
| Compressing Digital Assets with Concurrent Merkle Trees | Whitepaper | Jarry Xiao, Noah Gundotra, Austin Adams, Anatoly Yakovenko | Link | The theory behind state compression |
| Creating Compressed NFTs with JavaScript | Article | Solana Foundation | Link | A step-by-step guide on creating trees, minting, reading, and transferring cNFTs in JavaScript/TypeScript |
| Exploring NFT Compression on Solana | Article | Mert Mumtaz | Link | Learn how to work with NFT Compression on Solana |
| How to Mint Solana Compressed NFTs (cNFTs) with TypeScript | Article | kishi.sol | Link | A step-by-step guide on minting cNFTs with TypeScript |
| State Compression | Documentation | Solana Foundation | Link | The official documentation on state compression |
| State Compression and Compressed NFTs | GitHub Repo | solana-developers | Link | Example code to use compressed NFTs on Solana |
| Tips for Minting Multiple Compressed NFTs (cNFTs) Simultaneously on Solana | Article | kishi.sol | Link | Tips for minting multiple cNFTs simultaneously |
| ZK Compression | Documentation | Helius x Light Protocol | Link | A new primitive aimed at reducing state costs by orders of magnitude |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Build a cNFT Minter Mobile App in Under 5 Minutes | Article | Anam Ansari | Link | A tutorial covering how to build a cNFT minting Android application |
| Key Custody on iOS | Article | Mike Sulistio | Link | Deep dive into the patterns and challenges of key custody on iOS. |
| Mobile dApp Architecture | Documentation | Mike Sulistio | Link | An overview of mobile dApp architecture with the Mobile Wallet Adapter protocol |
| Publishing Solana Mobile Apps: A How to Guide | Article | 0xSolanaGirl | Link | The necessary steps and resources to publish on the Solana Mobile dApp Store |
| Solana Mobile Stack | Documentation | Solana Mobile Team | Link | Comprehensive resources for mobile development on Solana |
| Solana Mobile Tutorial Apps | GitHub Repo | solana-mobile | Link | A collection of tutorial apps showcasing the Solana Mobile Stack (SMS) |
| Token Gating on Solana - A Solana Mobile Tutorial | Article | 0xSolanaGirl | Link | Learn how to create token-gating experiences using the Saga Genesis Token |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shopify and Solana Pay: Step-by-Step Guide (2023) | Article | Owen Venter | Link | A walkthrough of integrating Solana Pay into a Shopify store — looking at both the merchant set up and customer flow |
| Solana Pay | GitHub Repo | Anza | Link | A new standard for decentralized payments |
| Solana Pay Android Example | GitHub Repo | Solana Mobile Team | Link | An integration guide and sample for Android wallets on handling Solana Pay URIs generated externally |
| Solana Pay: All You Need to Know | Article | Owen Venter | Link | Solana Pay is a standard protocol and set of reference implementations that enable decentralized payments |
| Solana Pay Explained in 100 Seconds | Video | Abdullah Raza | Link | A fun, concise explainer on how Solana Pay works, what it's used for, and why it's awesome |
| Solana Pay Specification | Documentation | Anza | Link | The specification document for Solana Pay |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agave | GitHub Repo | Anza | Link | Anza's fork of the Solana Labs validator client |
| Agave Transition | Documentation | Anza | Link | The migration of the Solana Labs client to the new Agave client |
| Anza's New SVM API | Article | Joe Caulfield | Link | Defining the SVM, and what can projects build with it |
| Solana Labs Validator Client | GitHub Repo | Solana Labs | Link | The OG validator client |
| The Agave Runtime | Article | Joe Caulfield | Link | A deep dive into the Agave Runtime |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakpoint 2023: Firedancer Update | Video | Dan Albert | Link | The Firedancer update given by Dan Albert for Breakpoint 2023 |
| Breakpoint 2023: FPGA Working at 8m TPS | Video | Kaveh Aasaraai, Kevin Bowers | Link | A talk given at Breakpoint 2023 demonstrating how Firedancer can achieve 8 million TPS with a 7-year-old FPGA on an 8-year-old machine |
| Breakpoint 2023: Fast Reed-Solomon Coding for Network Communications | Video | Philip Taffet | Link | A talk given at Breakpoint 2023 going over how Firedancer optimizes Reed-Solomon coding for their network communications |
| Breakpoint 2023: Securing Firedancer | Video | Felix Willhelm | Link | A talk given at Breakpoint 2023 on the security considerations and implementations of Firedancer |
| Firedancer | GitHub Repo | Firedancer Team | Link | Firedancer is Jump Crypto's Solana consensus node implementation |
| Firedancer Reliability Efforts | Article | Richard Patel | Link | This article covers how Firedancer aims to improve Solana's throughput and reliability |
| Firedancer's fd_quic Technical Milestone | Thread | Firedancer Team | Link | A Twitter thread covering Firedancer's high-performance implementation of QUIC and Solana ingest network protocols |
| Jump Crypto Sets Out to Build New Validator Client for the Solana Blockchain to Increase the Throughput and Reliability of the Network | Article | Kevin J Bowers | Link | Jump Crypto's Firedancer announcement |
| Jump Vs. the Speed of Light | Article | Kevin J Bowers | Link | "The speed of light is too slow" |
| What is Firedancer? A Deep Dive into Solana 2.0 | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn everything you need to know about Firedancer, Solana's new independent validator client developed by Jump |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All You Need to Know About Solana's v1.16 Update | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn about Solana's v1.16 update, the latest upgrade to the Solana Labs validator client |
| All You Need to Know About Solana's v1.17 Update | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn about Solana's v1.17 update, the latest upgrade to the Solana Labs validator client, as well as the recent February network outage |
| All You Need to Know About Solana's v1.18 Update | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Learn about the latest update to the Solana Labs (now Agave) client, as well as the new central scheduler |
| Agave v2.0 Update All You Need to Know | Article | Lostin | Link | A summary of key Solana Agave 2.0 features and optimizations, including syscalls, economic changes, and ZK ElGamal Proof |
| Agave v2.1 Update: All You Need to Know | Article | Lostin | Link | A summary of all the key release cycle features and optimizations to watch out for with the Solana Agave 2.1 client update |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introducing the Central Scheduler: An Optional Feature of Agave v1.18 | Article | Rex St. John | Link | A look at the new Central Scheduler introduced in the Agave v1.18 release |
| Reflections on Solana's Sept 14 Outage | Article | Jump Crypto | Link | Long-form analysis of an early Solana outage incident |
| Solana Banking Stage and Scheduler | Article | Andrew Fitzgerald | Link | A long-form explainer on the historic, current, and near-term scheduling algorithms and design used in the Solana Labs validator client's block-production |
| Solana Issuance From First Principles | Article | Matt Resnick | Link | Learn about issuance on Solana from the ground up and whether today's issuance is optimal |
| Spotlight: Solana's Scheduler | Video | Solana Foundation | Link | A critical analysis of the 1.17 scheduler, how transactions go through the Banking Stage, and how the future 1.18 scheduler will work |
| The Solana eBPF Virtual Machine | Article | Joe Caulfield | Link | Learn about the rBPF virtual machine, how it works, and how validators use it to execute programs |
| Solana Validator 101: Transaction Processing | Article | Jito Labs | Link | A technical deep dive on the lifecycle of a transaction |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How to Set Up a Solana Validator | Article | John Sloboda | Link | Learn how to get a Solana mainnet validator up and running |
| Running a Solana Validator: A Full Breakdown | Article | Fikunmi Ajayi-Peters | Link | A comprehensive guide on validators, running one, economics, and profitability |
| Setup a Solana Validator | Documentation | Solana Foundation | Link | The official Solana documentation on running a validator |
| Solana Issuance From First Principles | Article | Max Resnick | Link | Learn about issuance on Solana from the ground up and whether today's issuance is optimal |
| Solana Validator Economics: A Primer | Article | Ryan Chern | Link | A primer on Solana validator economics |
| Solana Validator Operations Best Practices | Documentation | Solana Foundation | Link | The best practices recommended by the official Solana documentation |
| Validator Profit Calculator | Tool | Cogent Crypto | Link | A tool used to estimate validator earnings under hypothetical scenarios |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beyond the Tech Bro: Rethinking Hero Worship in Crypto | Article | 0xIchigo | Link | Cult of Personality. Great Man Theory of History. The Potency of Ideas. Decentralized Leadership. Grassroot Organizations. Crypto-Optimism. |
| Dog Coins, Cat Videos and Disruption | Article | Mikel Ayala | Link | A critical analysis of memecoins, the Attention Economy, online communities, and digital-native capital |
| Forging Decentralized Knowledge - Every Revolution Needs a Spark | Article | M3taversal | Link | A critical analysis of the essence of a transformative Web3 project and the aim of creating a repository of knowledge that stands the test of time |
| Solana: How It Revolutionized Blockchain | Article | Lee Nguyen | Link | A look at Solana's story since its inception to the future |
| Solana Summer | Article | Packy McCormick | Link | A comprehensive and engaging read about Solana's story |
| SOL Survivor | Article | 0xsmac | Link | A unique perspective on what makes Solana a compelling asset and network to build on |
| The Billion User Path | Article | James Carlin | Link | An optimistic analysis of the future of blockchains and scaling to a billion users |
| The Helius Manifesto | Manifesto | Mert Mumtaz | Link | Helius’ mission is to increase the economic potential of the world’s developers. And we believe this is only possible with crypto rails. |
| The Year Solana Blew Up | Article | Ryan Shea | Link | A must-read for anyone interested in Solana |
| Why Solana | Article | Mert Mumtaz | Link | A personal perspective on building on Solana |
| Solana Thesis - The Fastest Horse Rises From the Ashes | Article | Ryan Watkins, Wilson Withiam, Daniel Cheung | Link | A comprehensive thesis explaining the "why" of Solana |
| Title | Type | Author(s) | Link | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asynchronous Program Execution (APE) in Solana | Article | Anatoly Yakovenko | Link | A X (Twitter) article covering asynchronous execution and the goal of running the vote program independently of all other programs |
| What is the State Growth Problem on Solana | Article | Anatoly Yakovenko | Link | A X (Twitter) article covering the rapid growth of Solana's state and potential solutions |
