This is a nightly Rust image with support for WebAssembly (and also asm.js, if you're into that) as a target.
$ cat > hello.rs
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
}
WebAssembly:
$ docker run -it -v `pwd`:/source jasonuhl/rust-wasm rustc --target=wasm32-unknown-emscripten hello.rs
or asm.js:
$ docker run -it -v `pwd`:/source jasonuhl/rust-wasm rustc --target=asmjs-unknown-emscripten hello.rs