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Syzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation in
the BPF verifier. The issue occurs when tnum_overlap() fails to detect
that two tnums don't have any overlapping bits.

The problematic BPF program:
   0: call bpf_get_prandom_u32
   1: r6 = r0
   2: r6 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0
   3: r7 = r0
   4: r7 &= 0x07
   5: r7 -= 0xFF
   6: if r6 == r7 goto <exit>

After instruction 5, R7 has the range:
   R7: u64=[0xffffffffffffff01, 0xffffffffffffff08] var_off=(0xffffffffffffff00; 0xf)

R6 and R7 don't overlap since they have no agreeing bits. However,
is_branch_taken() fails to recognize this, causing the verifier to
refine register bounds and end up with inconsistent bounds:

   6: if r6 == r7 goto <exit>
   R6: u64=[0xffffffffffffff01, 0xffffffffffffff00] var_off=(0xffffffffffffff00, 0x0)
   R7: u64=[0xffffffffffffff01, 0xffffffffffffff00] var_off=(0xffffffffffffff00, 0x0)

The root cause is that tnum_overlap() doesn't properly handle the case
where the masks have no overlapping bits.

Fix this by adding an early check for zero mask intersection in tnum_overlap().

Reported-by: [email protected]
Fixes: f41345f ("bpf: Use tnums for JEQ/JNE is_branch_taken logic")
Signed-off-by: KaFai Wan <[email protected]>
This patch adds coverage for the warning detected by syzkaller and fixed
in the previous patch. Without the previous patch, this test fails with:

  verifier bug: REG INVARIANTS VIOLATION (true_reg1): range bounds
  violation u64=[0xffffffffffffff01, 0xffffffffffffff00]
  s64=[0xffffffffffffff01, 0xffffffffffffff00]
  u32=[0xffffff01, 0xffffff00] s32=[0xffffff00, 0xffffff00]
  var_off=(0xffffffffffffff00, 0x0)
  verifier bug: REG INVARIANTS VIOLATION (true_reg2): range bounds
  violation u64=[0xffffffffffffff01, 0xffffffffffffff00]
  s64=[0xffffffffffffff01, 0xffffffffffffff00]
  u32=[0xffffff01, 0xffffff00] s32=[0xffffff01, 0xffffff00]
  var_off=(0xffffffffffffff00, 0x0)

Signed-off-by: KaFai Wan <[email protected]>
@kernel-patches-daemon-bpf kernel-patches-daemon-bpf bot force-pushed the bpf-next_base branch 2 times, most recently from 10ce4bd to e5828a2 Compare October 28, 2025 02:49
@mannkafai mannkafai closed this Oct 28, 2025
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