Sccarda/python docs update

[ScottCarda-MS]

This is a fairly large PR to over-hall the doc strings in the qsharp python package. This standardizes the doc string format to use the Sphynx syntax recognized by our documentation-generating/publishing pipeline.

Since this is a large refactoring, I recommend reviewing the changes via commit. The some commits that add new documentation content are:

• f1b37de
• 65ff8b5
• c5ddfce
• df64af7

You can also take a look at the preview of the generated docs here:
https://review.learn.microsoft.com/en-us/python/qsharp/qsharp?view=qsharp-py&branch=pr-en-us-105

Notes:

• While this PR does update and standardize some qdk package doc strings, the package as a whole is not yet ready for generated documentation pages. Updating these doc strings in code is still useful as these doc strings appear on hover in development.
• There are some structural changes to our API that are needed to make public some types and functions. Until this is done some doc references will be broken xref links. These are already present in our documentation. A future PR will be used to update our API to make the relevant content public and accessible to the doc-gen tool to fix these links.