infra: add griffe to public-symbols check CI

[emdneto]

Close #4619

[aabmass]

Approving because we can always roll back. I don't want to bikeshed on the bash script because I think we will eventually need to write a python script possibly using the lower level API to configure skipping certain rules and package patterns

[emdneto]

Example: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/actions/runs/15837600701/job/44644224344

[emdneto]

@open-telemetry/python-maintainers In release PRs probably the check will fail because we bump the version in version.py files and griffe can detect this as "breaking", like attribute changed. I'll confirm if we are running this check in release PRs. However, if that's the case, we can add the label to skip the public API symbols check.