Solution (#46): Collectors: rate limiting + drop counters under load (Phase 9.2.4

[TFGSUMIT]

This pull request implements a rate limiter and sampler to control the collector's workload. The rate limiter uses a token bucket algorithm to allow a certain number of requests within a time interval, while the sampler randomly selects requests based on a target overhead percentage.

Changes:

• Added RateLimiter and Sampler classes to control the collector's workload
• Implemented token bucket algorithm for rate limiter
• Implemented random number generator for sampler
• Combined the two components to create a rate limiter and sampler

Testing:

• Tested with various scenarios to ensure efficient workload handling
• Verified that the rate limiter and sampler work correctly together

To test this pull request, run the following commands:

• python -m unittest test_rate_limiter
• python -m unittest test_sampler
• python -m unittest test_rate_limiter_and_sampler

[github-actions]

🚀 First PR — welcome aboard!

A few things to expect:

1. CI: every PR runs build + race tests + lint + (eventually) the kernel matrix. If something fails, the log will tell you exactly which gate.
2. DCO: every commit needs Signed-off-by: — git commit -s adds it automatically.
3. Conventional Commits: PR titles like feat(doctor): add new rule or fix(bpf): handle X. We squash-merge by default.
4. Review: a maintainer will review within 72 hours. Suggestions are conversations, not orders — push back if something doesn't fit your context.

If you get stuck, reply here or jump to Discussions. We want this PR to land.