Update all subquery fixes

[aidanharan]

Include changes from rails/rails#54561

Fixes following tests.

https://github.com/rails-sqlserver/activerecord-sqlserver-adapter/actions/runs/13449856684/job/37582307288#step:4:528

 1) Error:
UpdateAllTest#test_dynamic_update_all_with_two_joins_on_the_target:
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: TinyTds::Error: The multi-part identifier "developers.mentor_id" could not be bound.
    lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/database_statements.rb:445:in 'TinyTds::Result#each'
    lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/database_statements.rb:445:in 'ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLServer::DatabaseStatements#handle_to_names_and_values'

 2) Error:
UpdateAllTest#test_dynamic_update_all_with_a_through_join:
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: TinyTds::Error: The multi-part identifier "treasures.ship_id" could not be bound.
    lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/database_statements.rb:445:in 'TinyTds::Result#each'
    lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/database_statements.rb:445:in 'ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLServer::DatabaseStatements#handle_to_names_and_values'