raspberrypilearning · majamanojlovic · Jun 13, 2022 · Jun 13, 2022 · Jun 13, 2022 · Jun 13, 2022
diff --git a/ar-SA/images/220-resistor.png b/ar-SA/images/220-resistor.png
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diff --git a/ar-SA/images/thonny-plotter.gif b/ar-SA/images/thonny-plotter.gif
diff --git a/ar-SA/meta.yml b/ar-SA/meta.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+title: Introduction to Raspberry Pi Pico guide
+hero_image: images/banner.png
+description: introduction-to-the-pico description
+version: 4
+listed: true
+copyedit: false
+last_tested: '2022-01-10'
+steps:
+  - 
+    title: Introduction
+  - 
+    title: Meet Raspberry Pi Pico
+  - 
+    title: Install Thonny
+  - 
+    title: Add the MicroPython firmware
+  - 
+    title: Use the picozero library
+  - 
+    title: Use the shell
+  - 
+    title: Resistors
+  - 
+    title: LEDs
+  - 
+    title: RGB LEDs
+  - 
+    title: Passive Buzzers
+  - 
+    title: Buttons and switches
+  - 
+    title: Potentiometers
+  - 
+    title: Powering your Pico
+  - 
+    title: Our Raspberry Pi Pico projects
diff --git a/ar-SA/pico-comments.txt b/ar-SA/pico-comments.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+store the current option
+
+call the next function and update the option
+
+move to the next option
+
+Call the choice function when the button is pressed
+
+Pot is short for Potentiometer
+
+Connected to pin A0 (GP_26)
+
+slow down the output
+
+leave a gap between notes depending on potentiometer value
diff --git a/ar-SA/pico-translatable.txt b/ar-SA/pico-translatable.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+yellow
+
+rgb
+
+button_1
+
+button_2
+
+button_3
+
+function_1
+
+function_2
+
+function_3
+
+option
+
+choice
+
+dial
+
+function_to_call
+
+BEAT
+
+listen_mus
+
+note
+
+speaker
diff --git a/ar-SA/step_1.md b/ar-SA/step_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+## Introduction
+This guide shows you how to connect a Raspberry Pi Pico to another computer and program it using the `picozero` beginner library with MicroPython.
+
+### What is the Raspberry Pi Pico?
+A Raspberry Pi Pico is a low-cost microcontroller device. Microcontrollers are tiny computers, but they tend to lack large volume storage and peripheral devices that you can plug in (for example, keyboards or monitors).
+
+A Raspberry Pi Pico has GPIO pins, much like a Raspberry Pi computer, which means it can be used to control and receive input from a variety of electronic devices.
+
+![Image of the small Pico board being held in a hand.](images/pico-hand.png)
+
+--- collapse ---
+---
+title: What you will need
+---
+### Hardware
+
++ A Raspberry Pi Pico with soldered headers
++ A computer that can run the Thonny IDE and program a Raspberry Pi Pico
++ A micro USB data cable
++ An external 5V micro USB power source (optional)
+
+To complete the [Introduction to Raspberry Pi Pico](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/pathways/pico-intro) path:
+
++ 1 red LED
++ 1 yellow LED
++ A selection of other single-colour LEDs
++ At least one **common cathode** RGB LED
++ At least one potentiometer
++ At least one passive buzzer
++ At least four push buttons
++ 100Ω resistors (any resistor from 75Ω-220Ω will work) 3 per RGB LED, 1 per single colour LED
++ A selection of socket-to-socket jumper leads and socket-pin jumper leads.
+
+When purchasing jumper wires you may notice that they are called male-male (m-m), female-female (f-f) and male-female (m-f). This is legacy (prior) language used to describe the ends of the wires. Pin and socket are more inclusive terms that should now be used to describe jumper wires.
+
+**Note:** You can reuse components in multiple projects. If you have additional components then you won't have to take each project apart to make the next one.
+
+### Software
+
+The project will guide you through the installation of:
+
++ The Thonny Python IDE
++ MicroPython firmware for Raspberry Pi Pico
++ The picozero library
+
+--- /collapse ---
+
+### How to use this reference guide
+
+If you have not used a Raspberry Pi Pico before, then this guide will help you to get set up and create your first program. Then you will be ready to start the [Introduction to Raspberry Pi Pico](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/pathways/pico-intro) path.
+
+You can return to this guide and use it to look up information that you need when you are making your own projects with the Raspberry Pi Pico.
+
+**Note:** Advanced MicroPython users can use [Getting Started with Raspberry Pi Pico](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/getting-started-with-the-pico). 
diff --git a/ar-SA/step_10.md b/ar-SA/step_10.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+## Passive Buzzers
+
+There are two main types of buzzer, an **active** buzzer and a **passive** buzzer. An **active** buzzer always plays the same tone. A **passive** buzzer can play a variety of tones. It requires a connection to be made and a specific signal to play the chosen tone.
+
+[[[buzzers-speakers]]]
+
+Some passive buzzers can be connected without worrying about which pin is connected to ground, and which pin is connected to a GPIO pin on the Raspberry Pi Pico. Others have to be connected in a specific way and will normally have a **+** symbol on the surface, to tell you which pin needs connecting to the GPIO signal pin
+
+![passive buzzer connected to a pico on pin 5](images/buzzer-diagram.png)
+
+Here is how you could wire your buzzers to a Raspberry Pi Pico:
+
+\[[[single-buzzer-wire]]\] \[[[stereo-buzzer-wiring\]]] [[[earphones-wiring]]]
+
+Set up your buzzer in your code:
+
+\[[[single-buzzer-pin]]\] \[[[multiple-buzzer-pins\]]]
+
+Humans can hear sounds in the range 20 Hz (very low) to 20,000 Hz (very high). Children and young people can hear higher sounds than older people. Musical notes correspond to specific sound **frequencies**, for example the middle C (C4) is about 523 Hz. Hz, short for Hertz, is the number of vibrations per second. Sending the right signal to a buzzer will make it vibrate at a particular frequency which you will hear as a musical note.
+
+There are many things you can do with buzzers, here is some useful information and a couple of ideas:
+
+[[[list-of-notes]]]
+
+[[[note-length]]]
+
+[[[frequency-numbers]]]
+
+[[[sheet-to-notes]]]
+
+[[[play-single-note]]]
+
+[[[play-a-tune]]]
+
+[[[notes-in-loop]]]
+
+[[[pico-sound-frequency]]]
+
+[[[whitenoise-drum-beat]]]
+
+[[[interrupt-tune]]]
+
+[[[sharing-a-ground-pin]]]
diff --git a/ar-SA/step_11.md b/ar-SA/step_11.md
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+## Buttons and switches
+
+The Raspberry Pi Pico can detect when an input is connected between GND and one of the GP pins.
+
+<p style='border-left: solid; border-width:10px; border-color: #0faeb0; background-color: aliceblue; padding: 10px;'>
+A <span style="color: #0faeb0">switch</span> is a an electrical component that can be **closed** to allow electrical current to flow and **open** to prevent electrical current from flowing. A <span style="color: #0faeb0">button</span> is a kind of momentary switch that makes a connection only when it is **pressed**. 
+</p>
+
+The simplest kind of switch is two jumper wires that can be connected together to close the switch, or separated to open the switch. The most common type of button is a Push Button Switch but there are many types of buttons and switches that can be bought or crafted. Here are a couple of crafted ideas you could try:
+
+\[[[drop-switch]]\] \[[[pull-switch\]]]
+
+Here is how you could wire buttons and switches to a Raspberry Pi Pico:
+
+\[[[single-button-wiring]]\] \[[[multiple-button-wiring\]]] \[[[crafted-switch-button-wiring]]\] \[[[multiple-crafted-switch-button-wiring\]]]
+
+Set up your button or switch in your code:
+
+\[[[single-button-pins]]\] \[[[multiple-button-pins\]]] \[[[single-switch-pins]]\] \[[[multiple-switches-pins\]]]
+
+There are many things you can do with buttons and switches, here are a couple of ideas:
+
+--- collapse ---
+
+---
+title: Call a different function when each button is pressed
+---
+
+You can have multiple buttons that each call a different function when they are pressed.
+
+Make sure you use the function names from your project and just use the name of the function, do not call it by adding brackets.
+
+--- code ---
+---
+language: python
+---
+
+button_1.when_pressed = function_1 button_2.when_pressed = function_2 button_3.when_pressed = function_3
+
+--- /code ---
+
+--- /collapse ---
+
+--- collapse ---
+
+---
+title: Change to the next function when a single button is pressed
+---
+
+Use an `option` variable to keep track of the current function so that you can decide which function to call next.
+
+--- code ---
+---
+language: python
+---
+option = 0 # store the current option
+
+def choice(): # call the next function and update the option global option if option == 0: rgb.color = (255, 0, 0) elif option == 1: rgb.color = (0, 255, 0)     
+elif option == 2: rgb.color = (0, 0, 255)   
+elif option == 3:    
+rgb.off()
+
+    # move to the next option
+    if option == 3:
+        option = 0
+    else:
+        option = option + 1
+
+button.when_pressed = choice # Call the choice function when the button is pressed
+
+--- /code ---
+
+--- /collapse ---
+
diff --git a/ar-SA/step_12.md b/ar-SA/step_12.md
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+## Potentiometers
+
+A potentiometer is a resistor that allows you to change the value of the resistance. They are often just called **pots**.
+
+Turning the dial on the top of the potentiometer will change the resistance of the potentiometer, which can then be read by the Raspberry Pi Pico.
+
+![a side by side photograph of a potentiometer, showing the three pins and the arrow on the dial](images/potentiometer.jpg)
+
+A potentiometer has three pins. The outer pins are normally connected to a 3V3 pin and a GND pin. The middle pin is connected to a GPIO pin capable of reading an analogue signal:
+
+![diagram of a potentiometer with the left pin labeled GND and the right pin labeled 3V3](images/potentiometer-illustration.png){:width="300px"}
+
+Here is how you could wire a potentiometer to a Raspberry Pi Pico:
+
+[[[potentiometer-wiring]]]
+
+Set up your potentiometer in your code:
+
+[[[potentiometer-pin]]]
+
+The Thonny plotter allows you to display the values so you can see the effect of turning the dial. In Thonny, choose 'View > Plotter' and the plotter will appear next to the Shell.
+
+![An animated image of a line chart scrolling as new values are added.](images/thonny-plotter.gif)
+
+The following code will read a value from the potentiometer and print out the result:
+
+--- code ---
+---
+language: python filename: line_numbers: true line_number_start: 1
+line_highlights:
+---
+from picozero import Pot # Pot is short for Potentiometer from time import sleep
+
+dial = Pot(0) # Connected to pin A0 (GP_26)
+
+while True: print(dial.value) sleep(0.1) # slow down the output
+
+--- /code ---
+
+The `sleep(0.1)` line slows down the reading and printing of values from the potentiometer so that Thonny can keep up with the output.
+
+The value should be 0 (or close to 0) when the potentiometer is turned all the way to the left and 1 (or close to 1) when it is turned all the way to the right. If your values are the wrong way round you need to swap the jumper wires connected to GND and 3V3.
+
+There are many things you can do with a potentiometer, here are a couple of ideas:
+
+--- collapse ---
+
+---
+title: Call a function based on the value of the potentiometer
+---
+
+If you are using a potentiometer to control outputs then you will need to divide up the dial into equal sections.
+
+You can use `dial.percent` to get a value between 0 and 1 from the potentiometer. If you have 5 sections then you can check whether the value is less than 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100. If you have 3 sections then you can check whether the value is less that 33, 66 or 100.
+
+--- code ---
+---
+language: python
+---
+
+while True: function_to_call = dial.percent print(function_to_call) if function_to_call < 20: function_1() elif function_to_call < 40: function_2() elif function_to_call < 60: function_3() elif function_to_call < 80: function_4() else: function_5() sleep(0.1)
+
+--- /code ---
+
+--- /collapse ---
+
+--- collapse ---
+
+---
+title: Change the speed of a tune using a potentiometer
+---
+
+You can use a potentiometer to control the speed of a tune when the tune is playing:
+
+--- code ---
+---
+language: python
+---
+BEAT = 0.4
+
+liten_mus = [ ['d5', BEAT / 2], ['d#5', BEAT / 2], ['f5', BEAT], ['d6', BEAT], ['a#5', BEAT], ['d5', BEAT],  
+['f5', BEAT], ['d#5', BEAT], ['d#5', BEAT], ['c5', BEAT / 2],['d5', BEAT / 2], ['d#5', BEAT], ['c6', BEAT], ['a5', BEAT], ['d5', BEAT], ['g5', BEAT], ['f5', BEAT], ['f5', BEAT], ['d5', BEAT / 2], ['d#5', BEAT / 2], ['f5', BEAT], ['g5', BEAT], ['a5', BEAT], ['a#5', BEAT], ['a5', BEAT], ['g5', BEAT], ['g5', BEAT], ['', BEAT / 2], ['a#5', BEAT / 2], ['c6', BEAT / 2], ['d6', BEAT / 2], ['c6', BEAT / 2], ['a#5', BEAT / 2], ['a5', BEAT / 2], ['g5', BEAT / 2], ['a5', BEAT / 2], ['a#5', BEAT / 2], ['c6', BEAT], ['f5', BEAT], ['f5', BEAT], ['f5', BEAT / 2], ['d#5', BEAT / 2], ['d5', BEAT], ['f5', BEAT], ['d6', BEAT], ['d6', BEAT / 2], ['c6', BEAT / 2], ['b5', BEAT], ['g5', BEAT], ['g5', BEAT], ['c6', BEAT / 2], ['a#5', BEAT / 2], ['a5', BEAT], ['f5', BEAT], ['d6', BEAT], ['a5', BEAT], ['a#5', BEAT * 1.5]]
+
+for note in liten_mus: speaker.play(note) sleep(dial.value) # leave a gap between notes depending on potentiometer value
+
+--- /code ---
+
+--- /collapse ---
diff --git a/ar-SA/step_13.md b/ar-SA/step_13.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+## Powering your Pico
+
+If you want to run your Raspberry Pi Pico without it being attached to a computer, you need to use a USB power supply or a suitable battery pack and connectors.
+
+Safe operating voltages are between 1.8V and 5.5V.
+
+To automatically run a MicroPython program, simply save it to the device with the name `main.py`
+
+[[[run-python-main-pico]]]
+
+To power the Raspberry Pi Pico away from a computer, you need a suitable power supply:
+
+[[[power-pico-usb]]]
+
+[[[power-pico-aa]]]
+
diff --git a/ar-SA/step_14.md b/ar-SA/step_14.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+## Our Raspberry Pi Pico projects
+
+Our beginner level [Introduction to Raspberry Pi Pico](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/pathways/pico-intro) path has six projects to introduce digital making with the Raspberry Pi Pico.
+
+In the path you will learn how to connect and control LEDs, buttons, switches, buzzers and potentiometers. You will make:
++ An LED firefly
++ A party popper
++ Beating heart
++ Mood indicator
++ Sound machine
++ Sensory gadget
+
+**Get inspired:** take a look at our [Community galleries](https://wakelet.com/@Intro_to_Pico){:target="_blank"} to see the types of things you will be able to make when you complete our [Introduction to Raspberry Pi Pico](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/pathways/pico-intro) path.
+
+![A screenshot of the Community galleries for mood indicator, sound machine, and sensory gadget.](images/community-galleries.png)