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DOC-1158/refund-credit-clearing-transaction-linked-to-debit-auth (#381)
* DOC-1158/refund-credit-clearing-transaction-linked-to-debit-authorization * Apply suggestions from code review
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docs/topics/payments/cards/index.mdx

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### Clearing {#clearing}
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After authorization, or when the merchant gets back online in the case of offline authorizations, the payment goes through **clearing**.
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During clearing,the payment is processed and the funds are transferred from the cardholder's account to the merchant's account.
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During clearing, the payment is processed and the funds are transferred from the cardholder's account to the merchant's account.
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Clearing usually occurs one to three days after the authorization, depending on the merchant.
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The process is not absolute, however, so make sure to review the examples section for several situational flows.
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The process is not absolute, so make sure to review the [examples](#examples) section for several situational flows.
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For example, all of the following can exist: authorizations without debit, debits without authorizations, and multiple debits for the same authorization.
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#### Partial and exceeding debits {#clearing-partial-exceeding}
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In situations where **only part of an authorized amount is debited** (for example, when only part of an order can be fulfilled), Swan updates the initial transaction to reflect the reduced `Pending` amount.
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Users can have several partial debits (consider the online shopping example).
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Users can have several partial debits (consider the online shopping [example](#examples)).
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If the debit amount **exceeds the amount initially authorized**, Swan links both transactions under the same payment to ensure accurate accounting and tracking.
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This also applies if a debit occurs after the authorization expires.
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Some merchants don't follow the classic authorization and debit payment flow.
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Discover alternative payment flows that work for different use cases.
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These are examples, not rules; merchants control their own flows and can makes changes at any time.
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These are examples, not rules; merchants control their own flows and can make changes at any time.
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<Tabs>
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<TabItem value="taxi" label={<span title="Taxi">🚗</span>} default>
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**Online return** | Authorization + debit clearing + refund
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There are multiple ways to reimburse a payment.
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The most straightforward is for the merchant the refund the debit transaction (debit reversal).
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The most straightforward is for the merchant to refund the debit transaction (debit reversal).
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The merchant must be able to link the refund to the debit.
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Consider a cardholder who orders and returns a package, all online:
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When items are returned in-store, they can be hard to link back to the debit.
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When a merchant needs to refund a customer but can't connect the refund transaction to the original debit, they create a new credit transaction.
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When merchants correctly reference the original debit authorization, Swan links the `CardOutCredit` transaction to the same `paymentId` as the original authorization.
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Consider a cardholder buying then returning an item in-store:
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1. The cardholder buys an item in-store.
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## 3-D Secure (3DS) {#3ds}
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3-D Secure (3DS) is an extra security layer for online card payments.
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All Swan cards, including single-use virtual cards, are subject to 3DS compliance; however, because single-use virtual cards require consent when being creating, 3DS is more seamless.
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All Swan cards, including single-use virtual cards, are subject to 3DS compliance; however, because single-use virtual cards require consent when being created, 3DS is more seamless.
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With 3DS, cardholders are required to perform [Strong Customer Authentication](../../users/consent/index.mdx#sca) before finalizing their payment.
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As a card issuer, Swan must comply with the European Revised Directive on Payment Services (PSD2).
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- [Get a list of card transactions](./guide-get-list.mdx)
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- [Get enriched information about card transactions](./guide-get-enriched-info.mdx)
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- [Sandbox](./sandbox.mdx)
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- [Sandbox](./sandbox.mdx)

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