fix(python): align SDK errors and metadata

[G4614]

Align BoxInfo defaults and Python convenience API errors with actual runtime behavior.

Test plan:

• cargo fmt --all
• sdks/python/.venv/bin/python -m py_compile sdks/python/boxlite/constants.py sdks/python/boxlite/exec.py sdks/python/boxlite/simplebox.py sdks/python/boxlite/sync_api/_simplebox.py sdks/python/tests/test_box_management_mock.py sdks/python/tests/test_exec_timeout_sigalrm.py sdks/python/tests/test_skillbox.py sdks/python/tests/test_sync_simplebox.py sdks/python/tests/test_sync_skillbox.py sdks/python/tests/test_simplebox.py
• BOXLITE_DEPS_STUB=1 cargo check -p boxlite-python
• BOXLITE_DEPS_STUB=1 cargo test -p boxlite --test lifecycle remove_auto_removed_local_box_id_is_idempotent -- --nocapture
• BOXLITE_DEPS_STUB=1 cargo test -p boxlite --test lifecycle litebox_info_returns_correct_metadata -- --nocapture
• BOXLITE_DEPS_STUB=1 cargo test -p boxlite --test lifecycle remove_nonexistent_returns_not_found -- --nocapture
• debug host 54.169.172.226: make dev:python
• debug host 54.169.172.226: pytest -q sdks/python/tests/test_simplebox.py::test_simplebox_metrics sdks/python/tests/test_simplebox.py::test_simplebox_command_not_found_raises_exec_error sdks/python/tests/test_sync_simplebox.py::TestSyncSimpleBox::test_command_not_found_raises_exec_error sdks/python/tests/test_sync_simplebox.py::TestSyncSimpleBox::test_exec_with_timeout
• debug host 54.169.172.226: pytest -q sdks/python/tests/test_exec_timeout_sigalrm.py
• debug host 54.169.172.226: pytest -q sdks/python/tests/test_box_management_mock.py::TestBoxliteManagementMethods::test_sync_context_manager_points_to_sync_api sdks/python/tests/test_box_management_mock.py::TestBoxliteManagementMethods::test_async_context_manager
• debug host 54.169.172.226: cargo test -p boxlite --test lifecycle remove_auto_removed_local_box_id_is_idempotent -- --nocapture
• debug host 54.169.172.226: cargo test -p boxlite --test lifecycle litebox_info_returns_correct_metadata -- --nocapture
• debug host 54.169.172.226: cargo test -p boxlite --test lifecycle remove_nonexistent_returns_not_found -- --nocapture

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✨ Finishing Touches

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• Create PR with unit tests
• Commit unit tests in branch g4614/pol-python-sdk-fixes

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[G4614]

Superseded by split draft PRs: #956 (POL-96), #957 (POL-98), #958 (POL-99), #959 (POL-100), #960 (POL-101), and #961 (POL-102).